Happy Summer! I'll have more once school starts!!!
February 08-March 08
We're starting another unit on energy
Definitions
| Word | Definition | Example |
| Energy | The ability to cause a change in matter | Chemical, Electrical, Radiant, Mechanical, and Thermal Energy |
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| Chemical Energy | Energy stored in matter because of the matter's chemical make-up | Your digestive system digesting food. |
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| Electrical Energy | Energy caused by charged matter | A plug outlet |
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| Radiant Energy | Energy carried by electromagnetic radiation | The sun |
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| Mechanical Energy | Energy of matter because of it's motion or position | Moving a can from the ground to the table. |
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| Thermal Energy | Energy caused by or related to heat and temperature in matter | The sun and a microwave oven |
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Here are some questions to quiz yourself on how well you know energy:
- All of these are examples of mechanical energy except...
A.Burning Coal
B.Bouncing a Ball
C.Turning a wheel
D.Falling Rock
- The main purpose of a washing machine is to transform electrical energy into...
A.Heat Energy
B.Light Energy
C.Chemical Energy
D.Mechanical Energy
- Power plants add thermal energy to water to cause a...
A. gas to change to a liquid
B. liquid to change into a gas
C. solid to change into a liquid
D. gas to change into a solid
- Taking away thermal energy from steam can cause a...
A.gas to change to a liquid
B.liquid to change to a gas
C.solid to change to a liquid
D.solid to change to a gas
- What is the word that means the same thing as transformation?
A.energy
B.mechanical
C.thermal
D.change
- What kind of energy transformation happens when you burn coal?
A.light into chemical
B.chemical to thermal
C.mechanical into thermal
D.thermal to electrical
December 07-January 08
Recently, in science, we've been learning about genetics, DNA, and cells.
Scientists
- Robert Hooke was the first to observe and name cells. He looked at cork cells and made detailed drawings of what he observed.
- Matthias Schleiden was a German scientist who concluded that all plants are made of cells.
- Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe tiny one-celled organisms now called bacteria.
- Theodor Schwann was the German scientist that concluded that all animals are made of cells.
The Cell theory
Many scientists including Hooke, Schleiden, Leeuwenhoek, and Schwann helped develop the cell theory that states:
- All living things are made of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
- Cells are produced from other cells.
Cells
- One square centimeter of your skin contains 100,000 cells.
- A hard lens is an example of a simple microscope.
- One of the first people to observe cells was an English scientist and inventor named Robert Hooke.
- At about the same time as Hooke, there was a scientist named Leeuwenhoek who was an amateur scientist and Dutch businessman who observed such things as specimens and scrapings from teeth. He was the first person to see tiny once-celled organisms now known as bacteria.
- For a microscope to be effective, it must combine two important properties: magnification and resolution.
Microscopes-How to and the history
- Eyepiece-to view and help magnify the object.
- Coarse adjustment knob- moves the stage up and down.
- Fine adjustment knob- Focuses for details.
- Arm- used to tilt, lift, and carry the microscope.
- Low power objective lens- for initial viewing of an object usually 4x or 5x.
- Medium power objective lens- usually 10x.
- High Power objective lens- used for powerful detailed magnification, usually 40 or 50x.
- Stage clips- hold slides in position.
- Base- to support, carry microscope with one hand under the base and one on the arm.
- Stage- place for viewing a slide.
- Diaphragm- regulates the light coming through the stage opening.
- Mirror/Illuminator- to focus light through the stage to the eye.
- To find total magnification on a compound microscope, you multiply the two lenses together to get total magnification.
